Women On Television Essays - Gender Studies, Gender, Feminist Theory

Women On Television The quality of American television has become a national disgrace. Young women in America who are displeased with their appearance more likely then not can trace those feelings directly back to images from the media on television. The unrealistic representations of women that the media bombards young women with indicates that the television has become a source for a distorted understanding of gender roles among adolescent women. These images warp young women's views of their own gender identity. The media on television should in an attempt to provide more positive gender identities for adolescent women depict women on television in more realistic ways, should stop reinforcing negative stereotypes of women, and stop portraying women as sex objects in advertising. Television is unrepresentative of the real world. Since most major directors on television are males, they depict a world, which agrees with their concepts of society on television. Young women see women in roles on television as being submissive to men or as not as intelligent as men are. For example, the case of the female mayor on the comedy shows South Park. She went to Princeton, yet she makes moronic decisions for the town and flagrantly poses for photos. The media should show positive roles that young women could identify with and imitate positive behavior from strong female role models. Television besieges women with portrayals of old women fearing the youth of young women. The result of these images is that these ideas create competition among women and divides women. The media should also be aware of the images of women depicted since young women in other countries also see the American television. In developing countries television ownership is rising and as much as sevent y one percent of television programming is from more affluent countries. Equally important would be to stop reinforcing negative stereotypes of women on television. Television still represents traditional views of society. Women are often still generally represented as inferior to men on television. Television shows have to stop representing women as being neurotic like Monica on Friends, or difficult and bossy like Amanda on Melrose Place, or ditsy like Phoebe on Friends. Women should be represented as more than the standard stereotypical negative and simplified character viewers generally see. Television allows people to see more and choose what they want to be. Women need to be shown in occupations that are not the stereotypical, such as the occupations of nurse, maid, sales assistant, or models. Men are often shown as the breadwinners while women are shown as being emotional and domestic care givers. Television ought to demonstrate strong older women instead of feeble grandmothers baking cookies. Teenage girls should be represented on television as be ing able to have serious conversations and feeling that their brains are as important as their looks. Women are often shown as only being able to get what they want by using sexuality(Rosalind). Television audiences certainly must demand more from the television shows the audience watches. Additionally, advertisers see women as parts. Advertisers represent women as lips, legs, breasts, butts, and as creatures that become overly excited about soup. For example, in the commercial for an herbal shampoo a woman is so excited by the shampoo she is moaning and groaning because of the shampoo. According to Mia Adjali, a women's division executive, The media often focus on legs, breasts and mouth of a woman, so in essence women are looked at in pieces. If this happens continuously it makes it legitimate, and also acceptable, to do violent things against women(History Net). Advertisers should produce high quality, entertaining socially conscience ad campaigns. Women are featured predominately in weight- loss advertisements. Women on television commercials are most often portrayed as housewives (LSU). As a result, women are shown as not being in control. Furthermore, girls in advertisements are often seen playing house while little boys are seen with trucks and action figures. J udging from these viewpoints the media has reflected negative images of women on television to the point of distorting women's views of their own gender identity. The ramifications of the images that the media bombards young women with indicates that the television has become a source for negative understanding of gender roles among young women. The

Personal Interests essays

Personal Interests essays Society today is something to be desired. Its all about looking for that number one, in other words, yourself. Too put it simply, society today doesnt care if people are starving and homeless, we care about if we ourselves are starving and homeless. Although the ancient Greek philosophers believed that all citizens consider the common good when making impactful decisions, and I agree; yet, in todays capitalistic society its all about John Lockes look out for number one philosophy. Ancient Greece was a time of small city states, people committed to education and government, and people who were active citizens. These three key ingredients created at society that basically ran itself. This philosophy, although perhaps perfect on paper, in reality is something quite far from perfect. For instance, if America today tried to install the system of Classical Republicanism our government it would fail. The people in America today only care about themselves so thus, people would think of themselves as opposed to what they should be trying to improve. Take for example, the Robin Hood plan. If people would look at the plan as a way that it benefits the common good, instead of thinking selfishly about keeping the money in rich districts, then the community would actually benefit from it. There would be less drop outs; less poorly educated children. This is why I believe that if we stopped and think of the common good as opposed to ourselves then America today woul d be much better off. Not so much social unrest and turmoil. So, when looking at these two political philosophies of looking out for the community as opposed to yourself you can see why the Greek way of thinking is better. If the community has been served well, then, wouldnt number one be served just as well? Society today is one to be desired and well, the Classical Republicanism probably wouldnt work out here ...

Film Analysis (choose 1 form 7 questions) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film Analysis (choose 1 form 7 questions) - Essay Example Yimou’s Hero depicts certain sociopolitical issues notable in the contemporary China. In the film, the protagonist named Nameless desires to kill the emperor of China. The main reason why Nameless wants to assassinate the emperor is because his family was murdered by the imperial soldiers. In this narrative, the film reflects particular issues or problems marked in today’s China: the state as more powerful than the people. When the kins of Nameless were murdered, it had certain political â€Å"objective† motive. In parallel to contemporary China, the state exercises particular actions in order to ensure the stability of the nation. In implementing its program, the Chinese Government has to use force, at certain point in time, in order to obtain the state’s plans and goals. The individual citizen is merely viewed as inferior in comparison to the state’s superior role. In contrast to democracy -- at least to the Western perspective -- China stresses t he importance of state power over people power. Moreover, the Hero film reflects, at certain degree, the national cinema in China. In Yimou’s movie, the narrative somehow depicts the minds or visions of particular Chinese directors and other people characterized in the Chinese movie-making: unity or nationalism.

Essay about the novel Metamorphosis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

About the novel Metamorphosis - Essay Example ?He is even more worried when the chief clerk reaches home to enquire why he has not turned up to work when he is required to complete some important task. Gregor’s family is not sure whether the vermin is their son. The family has tried to provide food and shelter for the vermin though the aspect of comfort is not given to him. He is not allowed out of his room to mingle with the members of the family and continue to have the good life he earlier had. Despite his physical condition, Gregor wants to complete his assignments for the day and wonders how his family will live without his earning because his father was already in debt. He is also worried that his mother cannot work due to her illness. He thinks "of his family with emotion and love." He also learns that in the absence of his earnings, all the members of the family have taken up work and they have also lent out room for lodgers. Gregor’s sister Grete used to serve him food and clean up his room. The maid of the house is fired and is replaced by a charwoman. The charwoman is the only woman who sympathizes with Gregor and talks to him. The human mental condition of Gregor is further revealed when he get’s out of his room following his sister to find medicine for their mother, who collapses seeing the vermin. Gregor is badly punished by his father for getting out of his room by throwing an apple and Gregor gets hurt, unable to move. This also reveals that Gregor’s father has reached a good financial position and wants to get rid of Gregor to maintain authority on the family. The sight of Gregor is fearsome for his mother, though his sister feeds him with his favorite food for which he has no penchant now. Though Gregor yearns to talk to their family and spent time with them, he is not allowed to get out of his room. But the music played by Grete takes him out of his room to teach his sister to play the right notes. The lodgers are astonished seethe creature and cries out to leave without paying

Literature Review - Marketing of luxury cars depending on affinity

- Marketing of luxury cars depending on affinity groups in America and The Middle East - Literature review Example In order to analyze the learning style, four vital tests have been used which are Myers-Briggs test, Belbin test, Honey & Mumford test and VARK analysis. From the analysis of Myers-Briggs test I have found that I possess the ENFJ learning style. The results of Belbin test depict that in team environment I act as plant, resource investigator and shaper. On the other hand, the Honey & Mumford test depict that I am activist and pragmatist learner. Finally outcome, of VARK analysis suggest that I prefer visual and kinaesthetic learning style. The assignment also describes about the transferrable skill I possess and how these skills can be used in my career. The discussion in Part B of the assignment elaborates on the current market trends witnessed in relation to the luxury car market around the world. Contextually, it argues that despite the rise in the demand of luxury cars across the globe, the American car market has witnessed significant fall in the production of luxury cars. Additionally, America is considered to be the home of diverse culture, owing to which, the luxury car market in the nation can be observed as significantly influenced by the Hispanic population. Hence, marketers of luxury cars have currently been involved in attracting reasonable Hispanic population towards their respective luxury car brands. On the other hand, luxury car markets in the Middle East have been flourishing at much greater speed due to the rise in the level of disposable income as well as due to the improvements in the roadway transportation facilities. The findings obtained through this study further reveals in this regard that the marketing str ategy related with luxury cars in America and the Middle East in years to come is quite likely to be strongly influenced by the affinity factor. Simultaneously, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) may also positively influence the marketing strategies of the luxury cars

The Event Industry And Event Management Tourism Essay

The Event Industry And Event Management Tourism Essay Introduction Widely encompassing conferences and exhibitions, the events industry stands for extremely attractive business chances. The events industry has grown significantly over the last decades and it is as huge as diverse, it takes advantage of the abilities and characters of a broad series of individuals providing various, and boosting careers. The main purpose of this paper is to identify and critically analyze three explanations given for the significant growth of events industry. By applying examples of events from all over the world, this paper takes what implications the explanations might have had or will have for event management into account. Firstly, it will introduce the knowledge about event industry and event management. Following this, three explanations analysis on events industry is conducted, in terms of added governments participation and support for events, the rapid development of tourism and the capability of event to attract tourists, and the capability of events to cre ate economic benefits. Drawing upon this analysis, this paper comes to a conclusion. Event industry and event management The events industry is affluent and dynamic, which provides worldwide chances and creates strong performance. In addition, the foundations for events industry include a whole set of sellers and buyers, and attractive dynamics. Events and the related conferences are a whole section of any comprehensive media firms total strategy. Events play lots of significant roles from establishing community to city renewal, cultural improvement to cultivating country identities. Classifying events is significant in the planning, managing and assessing events, which is sorted based on place attachment and event size. In spite of general decreased mergers and acquisitions actions, the events industry seems to have another intensive year of mergers and acquisitions. The rapid growth of event industry leads to more demands for experienced and efficient event managers. The events industry can go on to be flourishing. Event management Owing to the development of the events industry, event management has been as significant as a specialist domain of research. Event management is a rapid increasing topic where tourists form an underlying market for events and the tourism industry is an important stakeholder in its growth (Getz, 2002). Event management attributes to design, create and deals with planned events, including sports, festivals and other events (Carlsen, 2000). In addition, events management on a global size is severely huge business and involves most sectors. Explanations for the significant growth of event industry Over the last two decades, events in modern society have obtained growing importance attribute to lots of reasons such as added governments participation and support for events, the rapid development of tourism and the capability of event to attract tourists, and the capability of events to create economic benefits. Increased governments participation and support for events Governments participation and support Governments growing awareness of positive economic effects of the events industry is a main trends in the events industry (Weber Ladkin, 2004). It is important to have the most powerful relationship between events and government to confirm the best chance to succeed and industry support. In addition, it is significant for government to think of the wide alternatives available and to decide which is most appropriate to the specific situation and priorities. Policy priority is significant to offer a transparent foundation for government activities about investing for events. If sound policies are in position, it is essential for government to regard obviously growing investment in events. Local government policies and those of states and the country actively chased events for their economic developments (Getz, 2008). Both the local and regional levels, especially in creating events, there are much more widespread and collaboration stakeholder entry. Moreover, economic positive effects are a significant and increasing priority for government, before participation and support, government should distinctly be aware of community and economic benefits to one or both of which. Tax revenue for every level of government composes some of the most benefits of event. In addition, events industry analysis can assist government to forecast shifts in income, employment and output due to a shift in economic action. Examples of governments participation and support Australia and a series of Australian government agencies offer services to sustain the events industry, and these agencies provide worthy services helping to cultivate the growth of supporting events industry in Australia. The Creative Director needs to offer suggest to all government events as soon as possible to maximize benefits. Moreover, event policy is often top-down in Australia, primarily because lots of bids on events are opportunistic, and its legitimate economic growth. In addition, Australian government supports the global and home needs for business events. However, not all support from government should be financial support. Implications of governments participation and support Government needs to continue to play an import role in offering resource, coordination and funds, and further explore chances to attract events. Government needs to obviously add investment in events through building a fund to enable response ability to primary chances to lead to great economic benefits, and to help generate new events. Additionally, government requires policies to direct its decisions about what is governments role and priorities for support events. Government needs to improve the ability in future strategies, organizational schedules and generating policies for the successful events to community. However, it is obviously that there is a need for highly developed communication throughout governments. There has been confined communication and specialist in government agencies on planning and managing events, which violates the efficiency and worth of governments participation and support. Governments hope more done on why events come to failure, standardized study ways and event management factors. In addition, all present support and investment throughout every agency need to be considered to totally confirm consistency with government priority and know about what is being supported. Every government agency needs to inform total particulars of support and results to the chief department in future. Ability of events to attract tourists Event and tourism Tourism is a significant driver of events, and figure obviously in its rapid growth. There is no doubt that numerous special events gave a boost to the events industry and tourism value, and lots of attention has been given to the economic fields of event tourism. The influences and roles of event tourism are of growing significance for attractiveness. Every category of planned events has underlying tourism, but bigger events are predominant in event tourism growth (Weed, 2005). With regard to sports, the overlap of sport with tourism mainly handles more positive forms of sport involvement and sport events as attraction. Sport event tourism is stably built in the 1990s and is expanding widely since 2000. Moreover, benefit in the tourism value of business events is strong, and every main city owns agencies aimed to bid on events as well as amazing exhibition installations. Examples of tourism events The growth of event tourism policies and programs in Australia is considered as a tool in regional development (Whitford, 2004). In addition, the event development agencies existing in each state in Australia stand for the art in event tourism. Events Corp Western Australia has programs and strategies for appealing to, bidding, improving and helping events mainly to cultivate tourism (Getz Fairley, 2004). As another example of event tourism grows for strategic objectives, explain the mission of The Canadian Sport Tourism Alliance, searching add Canadian ability and advantage to and host sport events. And nearly each city in North America has a sport tourism initiative, international competition to bid on events and it is very competitive to appeal to the sport event tourist. Implications for tourism events As a result, this part will draw implications for tourism events management. Firstly, event manager showing an interest in growing their tourism proficiency needs to be committed to his stakeholders in the communitys tourism planning course. Secondly, through considering event tourism as a system, marketing survey and assessment could be integrated. If an event manager must investigate visitors for the sake of profile their consumers, the objective has to obtain a comprehension of underlying event tourist segments with supply. Then, cultivating an integrated portfolio way to event tourism could be beneficial to every stakeholder through confirming that the underlying contributions of every event is considered, and through building suitable support systems. Finally, it is necessary to custom-design supremely targeted event tourism, which is on the basis of more significant knowledge of the planned event experience in every aspect. The ability of events to create economic benefits Economic benefits Events are more and more generated, bid on strategic causes, but the prevailing one is economic growth. Economic benefits of events are among the most significant causes for organizing events. The significant development of event industry gives a great push to the economic growth, while gives pressure to the environment. Event is mainly forced through the objective of economic benefits (Solberg, Andersson Shibli, 2002). Events are considered strategically to generate more money into economy, boost economic growth and to display destinations to underlying visitors. The events involve a series of associated industry part, can improve strong brands. Studies concerning the economic benefits of events and certain category of events are well built, but economic impacts are just a beginning, with lots of researchers emphasizing on benefit evaluations. Events industry goes on to be a resource of economic development, and both rate of attendance and general employment at events in increasing. Business industry is priceless to many countries economic growth from innovating to training. Business events are a strong economic driving force, encouraging workers produce increased productivity and preferable outcomes, which permit for enhanced economy and advanced benefit. Events industry stands up for tax receipts and creating jobs, is essential to the face-to-face interaction. In addition, revenue created through the sport events industry has grown consistently. Main sport events impact a lot on economy through the direct expenditure of tourists related to the events, and Australia can take full advantage of the positive economic effects of tourism arising from main sport events (Gratton, Dobson Shibli, 2000). Examples of economic benefits The events industry has grown at a rate of 6.2% every year throughout the world since 2003 and is expected increase 5.5% every year through 2011. And the growth will go on, and even some global increase paces reach 20%. According to a recent report, the exhibition industry creates 9.3 billion to the economy and provides 137,000 jobs in the UK. Sport events are primary platform for economic development in some cities in the UK. In 2000, the overall convention receipts produced $47.4 million of individual income to the residents, and produced 13,702 jobs in Korean. In addition, the events industry could offer persistent development, and very lucrative, with 20-30% pre-tax margins. Implications for event management In terms of development, the great issues are related to competitiveness such as how to apply events more efficiently, rate of income on investment as not all events have benefit, or risk like what is the cost, and sustainability. Decisions to organize main events frequently depend on a demand that several positive effects could be produced rather than on an aware endeavor to enhance the abilities of the economy to achieve underlying positive effects. The most significant index is the percentage of local goods in the overall value of services and products chased through visitors. Neither the scale of spending nor the amount of spectators necessarily offers a credible evaluation of economic effects. Conclusion In conclusion, the event industry has grown significantly over the last decades, increased governments participation and support, rapid development of tourism, and the ability of events to create economic benefits explain this phenomenon. Economic benefits are a significant and increasing priority for government before its participation and support, and government needs to continue to play an import role in offering resource, and further explore chances to attract events. Tourism is a significant driver of events, and benefits in the tourism value of business events are strong. Economic benefits of events are among the most significant causes for organizing events, and the significant development of event industry gives a great push to the economic growth.

Security Methods to Protect Your Privacy Essay -- Exploratory Essays R

Security Methods to Protect Your Privacy Privacy and security issues have become one of the top concerns among computer users in today’s market. It has become a game of survival of the fittest in protection of your security. The only true way to defend yourself is knowledge. You should prepare your self against hackers, spammers and potential system crashing viruses and web bugs. Lets focus on how you can protect yourselves from the would be thieves. There are several ways to protect your information from the outside world; you just need the ammunition to do it. Because this has become a focal point for computer and Internet user’s, many companies are capitalizing on a growing industry and producing software packages to prevent privacy intrudion. A couple of ways that you can protect your self are URL encryption, OS shielding, JavaScript filtering, and cookie control. All of these are effective ways of protecting your self. But take caution, these are not guaranteed to complete block out intruders and completely protect you and your information. They are merely preventive steps you can take. URL encryption is a method that prevents your ISP, network administrator, or other intermediaries from easily tracking and logging the sites that you visit. This prevents companies from gaining information on your surfing habit and purchasing habit on the net. Companies have been accumulating data on us for years without our permission. Once these companies or have the information they can make money on us by selling the information to other companies or as I stated the government. Why should they make money on our information without our consent? The URL encryption also protects the user from potential Internet pr... ...llow you on their sites without the ability of planting or accept some form of a cookie. In this case you can use Safe cookies. A safe cookie allows you to accept cookies safely so you can surf WebPages without being tracked or monitored by the Website. The cookies are encrypted, very much like the URL encryption, and automatically erased when you leave the site. All of these methods are just some of the more popular techniques that people can us to protect their vital information. As stated earlier they are not failsafe, but are good proactive measures that everyone should take. The information age is growing leaps and bound. But with all the good it brings, it also brings the bad. If you plan and prepare yourself you will survive and retain your privacy. Once you loose your privacy it is impossible to get it back, so take control of your information. Security Methods to Protect Your Privacy Essay -- Exploratory Essays R Security Methods to Protect Your Privacy Privacy and security issues have become one of the top concerns among computer users in today’s market. It has become a game of survival of the fittest in protection of your security. The only true way to defend yourself is knowledge. You should prepare your self against hackers, spammers and potential system crashing viruses and web bugs. Lets focus on how you can protect yourselves from the would be thieves. There are several ways to protect your information from the outside world; you just need the ammunition to do it. Because this has become a focal point for computer and Internet user’s, many companies are capitalizing on a growing industry and producing software packages to prevent privacy intrudion. A couple of ways that you can protect your self are URL encryption, OS shielding, JavaScript filtering, and cookie control. All of these are effective ways of protecting your self. But take caution, these are not guaranteed to complete block out intruders and completely protect you and your information. They are merely preventive steps you can take. URL encryption is a method that prevents your ISP, network administrator, or other intermediaries from easily tracking and logging the sites that you visit. This prevents companies from gaining information on your surfing habit and purchasing habit on the net. Companies have been accumulating data on us for years without our permission. Once these companies or have the information they can make money on us by selling the information to other companies or as I stated the government. Why should they make money on our information without our consent? The URL encryption also protects the user from potential Internet pr... ...llow you on their sites without the ability of planting or accept some form of a cookie. In this case you can use Safe cookies. A safe cookie allows you to accept cookies safely so you can surf WebPages without being tracked or monitored by the Website. The cookies are encrypted, very much like the URL encryption, and automatically erased when you leave the site. All of these methods are just some of the more popular techniques that people can us to protect their vital information. As stated earlier they are not failsafe, but are good proactive measures that everyone should take. The information age is growing leaps and bound. But with all the good it brings, it also brings the bad. If you plan and prepare yourself you will survive and retain your privacy. Once you loose your privacy it is impossible to get it back, so take control of your information.

American History In A Global Context Essay

America has been at the centre of the history of the world as much as the history of the world has been at eh centre of the formation of the American nation. This makes it important for anyone looking at and trying to understand America make it his or her business to look at the histories of the world and that of the United States of America as one entity with different faces and phases rather than two distinct entities (Baud, 158). Many historians have implied that it is the isolation policy of the United State that helped her industrialize. However it is worth noting that America interacted with the other European nations in the earlier years of her republic. This isolation however helped develop without interference the economic, cultural, industrial and political thoughts of the nation in the intervening years between colonization and the world wars of the twentieth century. America went in to small wars with the French and Mexicans as well as the Spaniards but these wars never had a significant impact on the direction America was taking (Bender, 257). Historical context and world history American history dates back to the days of exploration by Columbus. She managed to transport in to her industries orient goods by water and whale trading became a booming business. America at the moment was at the centre of this trade. The discoveries of the nation strengthened world trade with the industries in America becoming big centers for trade (Bender, 178). Turning to the American Civil War one might be tempted to think that this was an isolated case for the American people. Deep down the revolution was a strong feeling and tide to end the reign of slavery in the world. These were the seedling of freedom planted in an attempt to end slavery. Bender says that the American Civil War is â€Å"a larger history of†¦ conflicts over nationalism and freedom and the proper balance of central and local authority. † This has more often than not repeated itself in other parts of the world at a smaller or larger scale (Bender, 218). From colonialism it was the centre for migration and voyages that marked the advances of the world powers in conquering other nations. Later America becomes the centre of slavery. As central as the tide of slavery is to the world, so is it to American history and development (Baud, 58). Later on in the following years America was at the centre of civil rights movements. It set the trends on civil and human rights for the rest of the world to copy. The modifications on child labor laws, civil rights, better working conditions and many social changes have been driven from American struggles and reformation (Bender, 105). At one point America was said to rag behind in other social issues. Baud suggests that it is the openness of the rest of the world and the American feeling to catch up with the rest of the world that have driven her to make the many and significant changes and strides n the medical and food security and health issues. The feelings and advances of the world have driven America to follow suit and to set the pace on such issues affecting her population. This has gotten the United States of America in to the ring of global influence (Baud, 79). Industrialization in America and the whole world brought with it many challenges and social issues. While the industries had to make profit, they had to look at the interest of the workers. As the labor laws activists fought for better conditions for the workers, they were responding to a global tide that. This was in all nations that had industrialized. Bender in fact says that some of the laws that exist in the American system could be traced in other countries long before the surfaced in America. Among these laws are some insurance laws, laws on child labor as well as better working conditions (Bender, 289). The integration of the immigrant races will also play a central role in shaping the history of American and consequently that of the world. A nation built on migration rising to the status of a world super power is a nation to watch even as other nations open up to immigration (Adas, 34). Further in his analysis Adas, looks at the later influences that the so called ‘ideals of the American people have shaped and influenced the world after the coming to being of the American state. While the Americans moving from Europe wanted a nation built on freedom and very strong ideals, the Germans had an almost similar idea. It may seem like years after but it is the same idea of purity and nationalism that informs the activities of the Germans later (Adas, 32). Bender is categorical on the place and the role of America as a military empire in the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century. America is seen to intervene in global wars between empires. All this time she has not only been watching but preparing herself though for no war in particular. Even when America goes to war it marks her place in the history of the American nation as well as that of the world (Bender, 229). One of the most common influences America has had on the world’s political landscape is the concept of democracy. Other nations have found it comfortable to adopt the American system of political interaction. According to Bender this concept has not only influenced the political but the social systems of the world. It was hard for America to sell the concept of freedom and democracy to the other nations while slavery existed on her south. This forced her abolish slavery in order to easily sell the democracy idea. Its adoption meant freedom for many other marginalized groups of the world (Bender, 256). Conclusion One can only be splitting hairs trying to differentiate the history of America with that of the world. It is a fact undeniable to any one that America has her history grounded and similarly identical to that of the world. The many changes the world has witnessed have been influenced and at the same time they have influenced the world outlook. This is an assertion that finds home in the ideas of great scholars as discussed above and at the same time very verifiable and logical. If proper understanding of the history of America is to be achieved it has to be grounded squarely on the history of the world. Works cited 1. Adas, M, (2001) `From settler colony to global hegemony: integrating the exceptionalist narrative of the American experience into world history`, American historical review, The University of Chicago Press: Indiana. 2. Bender, T, (2006) A Nation Among Nations: Americas place in world history, introduction. (6), Hill and Wang: New York. 3. Baud, M, and W Van Schendel, (1997) `Toward a Comparative history of the borderlands` in Journal of world history, University of Hawaii Press: Hawaii

Animal Testing Controversy essays

Animal Testing Controversy essays To Test or Not To Test, That Is the Question: Is Animal Research Beneficial To Medicine? Animal research has always been a debated topic that we may never resolve. It is easy to show incidences in the past, usually dating back at least 50 years, that animal testing has been beneficial, but it is also easily argued that testing on animal has been outdated by more up to date testing methods. In this essay, I plan on describing and dissecting two articles arguing each side of the argument, then I plan on giving my own opinion that I have come to after reading these articles. The first article is called Animal Research Is Wasteful and Misleading by Neal D. Barnard and Stephen R. Kaufman. Just by the title, the reader knows that this article is arguing against animal testing. The main arguments the authors use are: Animal tests are not applicable to medicine, better methods have been found, and lastly, animal testing is used as a rhetorical device. They first describe to the reader that animal tests are not applicable to medicine by pointing out several cases in which animals were tested for different carcinogens and medicines that would have one outcome for the animal, whether it be favorable or unfavorable, and would have a completely different outcome biologically in the humans it was being tested for. Most of these tests came with very dangerous results, human fatalities or even worse medical conditions for the patients, from these faulty results. The reasons for these wrong results could have come from several different causes. One of the causes pointed out in the article is that some of these medicines were being tested on animals that were perfectly healthy and the researchers would have to induce the medical conditions that were shown by their human counterparts. This would mean that the condition wouldnt have the time to slowly debilitate the body that was being affected by this condition. The second ...

Spamming Is More Acceptable Way of Sales Practice than Cold Calling

Spamming Is More Acceptable Way of Sales Practice than Cold Calling Introduction and thesis statement The digitization of information and communication technologies (ICT), the global extension of ICT-supported networks, services and applications, fixed and mobile phones, the World Wide Web (WWW) and the internet have opened the diverse ways for a wide range of ICT related growth and initiatives (Lagraà ±a 5). The internet has altered the way people and organizations communicate and interrelate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Spamming Is More Acceptable Way of Sales Practice than Cold Calling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The impact is felt in both private sphere and the workplace.  In view of the different ways technologies are used by players, there are several perspectives that arise including legal and privacy concerns. The number of complaints by telephone and e-mail owners has increased significantly regarding unsolicited calls (Cold Calling) and e-mails (Spam). In essenc e, unsolicited calls refer to calls that are considered a nuisance by the recipient. The same applies to spam as the recipient considered such e-mails as a bother. Typically, the unsolicited calls and spam originate from strangers with commercial motives. The two are also a common source of fraud and deception targeted at financial gain in addition to being a source of nuisance. Consumers consider spamming and cold calling a nuisance but spamming is more acceptable than cold calling. The era of cold calling is over as spamming is gaining acceptance Spamming and cold calling are phenomena that affect communication in all parts of the world. The developed and emerging economies are the main victims of these activities as business competition intensify with the objective of gaining a large market share and stay ahead of competition. Gaining market share is achieved by ensuring that the business has a large audience and a wide customer base. Realization by policymakers and stakeholders regarding the nuisance caused by the unsolicited e-mails and calls has made the authorities to respond to these concerns. The US, UK as well as other countries in Europe are among the major stakeholders who are strongly opposed to cold calling and indicate leniency on the part of spamming (Nettleton and Pham 173). Supporting laws The European community drafted the European Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications act which major stakeholders adopted. The regulations sought to be ‘technology neutral’ and envelop a wide range of marketing activities. The activities include direct marketing through telephone, electronic communication and fax; automated calling systems, subscriber directories and internet cookies (Nettleton and Pham 173).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Events The failure by companies to adhere to the European directives has dire consequences. Individuals and businesses who are victims of cold calling have legal ways through which they can raise their complaints. For instance, businesses and individuals within UK with the request not to be called despite having registered on the Telephone Preference Service (TPS) have the legal avenue to make complaints directly to the Information Commissioner in the UK. In the US, such individuals and companies may file a suit in a court of law. Current research Contemporary, cold calling continues to suffer restrictions in many jurisdictions despite the lack of proper structures for the application of international law on communication. Spamming has not received major setbacks as marketing and buying online gains in popularity. Individuals prefer to purchase online as the economy status calls for individuals in tight schedules to make online purchases. Researches indicate that cold calling is by far the lowest percentage on sales call. Further, researches indicate that pe ople respond more when they are sent a value-based unsolicited e-mail. Often, the recipient will want to connect with the sender (Gitomer 10). The recipient will have sufficient time to read the spam from the copy in the email. Privacy problems arising from spamming have a solution With regard to privacy issues emerging from spamming and e-commerce, there is indication that free choice and control are essential components of privacy (Edwards 313). The collection of personal information in absence of transparency and consent such as setting of cookies obliterates privacy and values such as respect and integrity in social spheres. Fortunately, the same technology contemporarily enables individuals to set the spam they wish to receive and the amount of data that can be collected by the sender. Supporting laws The European data-protection law and the US self-regulatory approach to privacy offer consumers the requisite guarantee that their privacy and personal data will be protected. Com panies have endeavored to create a trusting relationship with consumers. Spamming seems to be more preferable to cold calling by authorities in the US and Europe as it is not banned in its entirety. However, there are legal conditions attached to it that significantly affect the sender if the codes are breached.  The European system utilizes the hard and soft data protection laws. Essentially, these requires that consumer data be given consent to collect personal information by the consumer. Additionally, the processors of personal information are required to give public notification regarding the purposes for which the information is being gathered. The law requires that the information should not be disseminated or used for any other reason beyond what is stated.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Spamming Is More Acceptable Way of Sales Practice than Cold Calling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Events The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and states that do not have spam-controlling laws have used the Controlling Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act (CAN-SPAM) passed in 2004 by the US government. People sending spam were charged with sending fraudulent e-mails under the federal statute, fined and ordered to stop sending spam (Munukutla 640). Current research Currently, research indicates that not all spam is related to criminal activities. The research conducted by Pew Internet American Life Project (PI-ALP) indicates that 36 % of internet users in the US have sought health support upon receiving and accepting spam. The spammers have been of help to the patients and families. Current digital transformation supports the use of spamming as a sales tool In the workplace, more than 96 percent of organizations offer employees the access to e-mail. In government circles, operations are seeking to support development strategies and activities that support digital transformation. Th e move is aimed at boosting socio-economic growth (Salman 5). As most governments pursue the digital transformation and most of the services be available online, individuals are encouraged to familiarize with the internet irrespective of the location. Supporting laws As the idea of digitizing advances, authorities are aware of the consequences that come along with electronic communication systems. Laws are drafted to ensure that spamming does not have negative influence on the developments gained. The communications acts entrenched in many countries are seeking to support the development of digitized communication. Events In Malaysia, for in instance, cases involving abuses of social media through spamming has been in the rise. The government implemented a bill that prohibited non-commercial spamming allowing only commercial spamming under the conditions that the spammers include the full identities in the email being sent. The strategy proved effective as recipients have the freedo m to block spam (Roman 135). Current research Following the legislation that are currently being implemented in many countries regarding spamming and cold calling, individuals have shown positive response to technological transformations. Individuals are signing into websites in response to spam with their real names and e-mail addresses. On the contrary, few are responding to cold calls as they are considered a nuisance and irritating. E-mail is becoming unusable Typically, unsolicited e-mails and cold calls market an assortment of questionable products varying from pharmaceuticals to neglected bank accounts (Bellovin 144). The intention is always financial and the recipient never receives any benefits from either of the fraudulent approaches. The people involved attempt and at times succeed in stealing user names and secret codes for internet banking.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Supporting laws Authentication of the sender is one approach that is effective for curbing spamming and cold calling. When one is not aware of the sender or caller, one can chase the originator through a judicial avenue (Nettleton and Pham 175). For instance, in December 2012, a twenty-year-old woman was followed and eventually killed after responding to a spam. She had assumed that the unsolicited e-mail was genuine. Current research Privacy advocates worldwide indicate that in the near future, spam will be a primary source of loss of personal information. The results will be loss of privacy and even money as was the case where Jackson became a victim of theft identity after responding to a spam. The theft resulted in huge financial losses in addition to the ruining of his reputation. Rebuttal to counter arguments Following senders and callers does not always work irrespective of the simple legal structures that one can follow. Inherently, majority of people accept e-mail and calls from almost any source. When a message is directly addressed to the user, the recipient is likely to accept it, even when the e-mail or phone call is from a total stranger (Bellovin 144). The perception makes it unreasonable to have the authentication of the sender or caller if the recipient is going to accept it anyway. Essentially, identification is simply a concept that is rational within a shared context. Outside the shared context, the senders or callers authenticated identification means very little as opposed to simply asserted identification. Supporting laws Spam and unsolicited calls to a large extent bother consumers. Different governments have legislated laws that seek to protect the consumers from such practices particularly in the developed countries including the US, UK and Europe (Nettleton 237). However, implementing the laws is challenging and taking action is not clear-cut. One challenge faced by the policymakers is the precise definition of terms such as nuisance calls, cold calls, and spam among others. Inherently, some of the calls and e-mails that annoy consumers are in fact legal (Edwards 315). Regardless of the existence of rules determining the kind of calls that are lawful, the enforcement is faced by multiplicity of challenges. Events The US Supreme Court observed that handouts and other unidentified written materials have played a central function for centuries in the advancement of humankind. Oppressed groupings and factions often use unauthenticated identities to condemn tyrannical laws and practices that threaten the livelihoods anonymously (Bellovin 145). When the concept is applied in sales and marketing, individuals and businesses are able to reach a large consumer base whose information does not inherently exist in the database. Companies have been able to increase the customer base using spam and cold calling leading to more profitability. Benefits and risks of a current information technology Technology gives institutions and governments the chance to deliver additional services faster. Modern technology presents the opportunity to reduce costs and add value to services offered to consumers. The IT risks are both internal and external for institutions and governments. These include convolution of technology, institutional barriers, changing economic climate and the impact on the consumers. Auditing technologies for effectiveness and efficiency is a challenge that is yet to be resolved. Moral problems related to information technology The regulation of the internet by governments is usually pervasive. Almost all countries with internet access have specific legislations, rules and regulations that ensure considerable control by the authorities. Ostensibly, the move targets the protection of the safety of the internet environment and the enhancement of social and economic stability. However, the degree of censorship varies with jurisdiction. Some jurisdictions apply obvious controls such as Cuba, Iran, Singapore, and Saudi Arabia among others.  In other jurisdictions, China espouse a blend of relatively restrained approaches with more explicit censorship. In the US where the First Amendment acts defends speech from interference by the government, service providers impose terms and conditions of the use of the internet and other forms of communication limiting what can be posted online and the proper use of other communication infrastructure including telephones. The freedom of speech is infringed upon by censorship. In other situations, major moral issues emerge. Privacy and confidentiality is often compromised when cookies collect consumers’ data. Inherently, all internet communications are susceptible to eavesdropping. Browsers document actions in history files. Majority of the internet e-commerce organizations utilize the cookies deposited by web sites to trace consumer-purchasing patterns. Unsolicited e-mails collect significant amount of information once responded to by the recipient. Fraudsters use the information to conduct online transactions without the knowledge of the consumer. Others reveal the identities of consumers while others sell the data collected to third parties (Peslak 79). Additionally, responding to spam may lead to the recipient’s computer being hacked. For hackers to access bank accounts and withdraw cash, they can use information collected by spam. The information can also be used to control systems causing destructions. Conclusion In the last decade, electronic mail and mobile telephony has become the trendiest communication tool that has significantly outpaced face-to-face and fixed telephony communication in socializing and business. In recent years, cold calling and spamming have waged cutthroat competition for marketing against each other. Consequently, consumers are faced with loads of information that is either useful or a nuisance to them. However, spamming is gaining in popularity and preference among marke ters because it is more acceptable by consumers in comparison to cold calling. Laws in many countries hinder cold calling as authorities seek to digitize communication. Tight work and personal schedules has led to the individuals accepting spam to get information about products and services. The development in technology field presents authorities and consumers with solutions to spamming and cold calling such as authentication. There are laws that seek to regulate cold calling and spamming to protect the consumers’ information and privacy. The communication digital transformation being experienced contemporary supports the use of spam as a sales tool as consumers are guaranteed of privacy and confidentiality through the authentication of the spammers. Bellovin, Steve. â€Å"Spamming, Phishing, Authentication, and Privacy.† Communications of the ACM, 47.12 (2004): 144-145. Print. Edwards, Lillian. â€Å"Reconstructing Consumer Privacy Protection On-Line: A Modest prop osal.† International Review of Law Computers Technology, 18.3 (2004): 313-344. Print. Gitomer, Jeffrey. â€Å"Is cold calling a thing of the past? yes!† The enterprise, 22.28 (2010): 10-11. Print. Lagraà ±a, Fernando. Ethical Issues arising from the Usage of Electronic Communications in the Workplace in Ethical Issues in E-Business: Models and Frameworks. Hershey, NY: IGI, 2010. Print. Munukutla, Parker. â€Å"Unsolicited Commercial E-Mail, Privacy Concerns Related to Social Network Services, Online Protection of Children, and Cyber-Bullying.† I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy, 2.3 (2006): 627-650. Print. Nettleton, Ewan and Charlotte Pham. â€Å"Telephone Marketing out in the Cold?† Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management, 12.2 (2004): 172–176. Print. Nettleton, Ewan. â€Å"Electronic Marketing and the New Anti-Spam Regulations.† Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management, 11.3 (2005): 235–240. Print. Peslak , Allan. â€Å"Current Information Technology Issues and Moral Intensity Influences.† Journal of Computer Information Systems, 16.2 (2008): 77-86. Print. Roman, Steve. â€Å"The Ethics of Online Retailing: A Scale Development and Validation from the Consumers Perspective.† Journal of Business Ethics, 72.16 (2007): 131-148. Print. Salman, Ali. â€Å"Dealing with Ethical Issues Among Internet Users: Do we Need Legal Enforcement?† Asia Social Science, 9.8 (2013): 3-8. Print.

A reflective statement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A reflective statement - Assignment Example This is done by sharing responsibilities in order to achieve a common goal. The evidence of how interpersonal and team working skills are used are provided in a major reflective section of a final discussion placement report (Rogers, 2009). Collaborative Peer-Assisted learning (CPAL) is one of the ways on how the skills are used. This method helps students and individuals to save time and needless efforts by enabling them to just ask for help from their peers. The other peer students then supply suggestions and solutions that are to be read through and employed for problem solving as required. The CPAL method was included as a way of using interpersonal and team working skills. It is applied through the skills superstore learning function in a form of a team discussion forum so as to facilitate the requirement of interpersonal relation (Rogers, 2009). The other way on how the skills were used is through an effective communication process. Effective communication is achieved through various ways such as oral communication, effective listening, questioning, self awareness, assertiveness, helping, and reflecting. Oral communication entails the effective oral presentations. Effective listening provides a core skill with the ability to listen successfully in a situation of interpersonal range. Questioning enhances the ways of communicating efficiently in an interaction. Self awareness provides an assumed empathy needed for an underlying effective communication. Assertiveness is a vital interpersonal skill for an all-domain interaction. Helping is an effective and important interpersonal competence aspect of team working. Finally, Reflecting is a skill that closely relates to the psychological sciences and provides an ability of presenting reflections in an interpersonal team work (Rogers,

Critical criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical criminology - Essay Example Plato, for example was in favour of a penal system which was curative, seeking to reform wrongdoers, and spoke out against retribution because it only increases suffering and brings no good result. (Bauman: 1996 , p. 3) Increasingly, laws were created to sustain a dominant view of society and silence any resistance to this from people who would rather escape such tight regulation. An increasing reliance on scientific methods, using all the benefits of new scientific discoveries such as magnification, fingerprinting and evidence based practice had the advantage of rooting out superstition and religion as judicial tools, but it had the disadvantage of subjecting human beings to ever tighter systems of control and regulation. Eventually critical criminology emerged to take issue with the free will argument and look instead at a much wider range of issues which contribute to the way people behave in society. In modern western societies these different views coexist in the academic litera ture and in society at large, because there is no agreement on one single view of how to define crime, its causes, its remedies and the way society should deal with it. Mainstream Criminology and its main assumptions. The fundamental basis of mainstream criminology is the thinking of utilitarianism developed by writers like Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). It is no coincidence that these ideas developed at a time when European society was becoming more urban and industrialized. (Morrison: 1995, pp. 71-76) The close proximity of large numbers of people, often in poor housing conditions and relative poverty, resulted in repeated crime waves and instability in society. This very rational approach to crime assumes that the needs of individuals must be balanced with the needs of society in general, and this results in a suppression of â€Å"deviant† behaviour which harms the majority. One of the good outcomes of this kind of criminology is that it clarifies what is sanctioned by societ y and what is not, and it provides a basis for setting up a universal legal and penal system that aims to treat people fairly. A less positive outcome is a tendency to promote the views and interests of powerful patriarchal figures, focusing on the maintenance of the status quo, and allowing people in law enforcement to abuse their power, often in institutionalised ways which become an inbuilt part of the system. The persecution of black people in America and the outlawing of gay people in most countries until very recently are examples of rules which set out deliberately to benefit one segment of society at the expense of another. Van Swaaningen believes that there are two major belief systems that have been at work in mainstream criminology since the Second World War and these are neo classicism and positivism which he explains as follows: â€Å"the first views crime as the moral lapse of the freely willed individual; the second, as a pathological determinism of individuals cause d by genetic, family or social defects.† (Young: 1997, p. vii) What these two approaches have in common is that they focus on the individual human being as the source of the problem, and they assume that dealing with crime is a matter of dealing with that person. This kind of criminology uses statistical evidence to build up a picture of how when and where crime occurs, and it focuses on methods of prevention and methods of detection and control of offenders. One big